Using the Dictionary Geographical terms in the dictionary are arranged alphabetically
Using the Dictionary
Geographical terms in the
dictionary are arranged
alphabetically. Bold words in
an entry identify key terms which
are explained in greater detail
within separate entries of their
own. Important terms which
do not have separate entries are
shown in italic and are explained
in the entry in which they occur.
A
abrasion The wearing away of the landscape by
rivers, glaciers, the sea or wind, caused by the load
of debris that they carry. See also corrasion.
abrasion platform See wave-cut platform.
accuracy A measure of the degree of correctness.
acid rain Rain that contains a high concentration
of pollutants, notably sulphur and nitrogen oxides.
These pollutants are produced from factories,
power stations burning fossil fuels, and car
exhausts. Once in the atmosphere, the sulphur
and nitrogen oxides combine with moisture to give
sulphuric and nitric acids which fall as corrosive
rain.
administrative region An area in which
organizations carry out administrative functions;
for example, the regions of local health authorities
and water companies, and commercial sales
regions.
adult literacy rate A percentage measure which
shows the proportion of an adult population able
to read. It is one of the measures used to assess the
level of development of a country.
aerial photograph A photograph taken from
above the ground. There are two types of aerial
photograph – a vertical photograph (or ‘bird’s-
eye view’) and an oblique photograph where the
camera is held at an angle. Aerial photographs
are often taken from aircraft and provide useful
information for map-making and surveys.
Compare satellite image.
aff orestation The conversion of open land to
forest; especially, in Britain, the planting of
coniferous trees in upland areas for commercial
gain. Compare deforestation.
agglomerate A mass of coarse rock fragments or
blocks of lava produced during a volcanic eruption.
agribusiness Modern intensive farming which
uses machinery and artifi cial fertilizers to increase
yield and output.
Thus agriculture resembles an industrial process
in which the general running and managing of the
farm could parallel that of large-scale industry.
agriculture Human management of the
en vironment to produce food. The numerous
forms of agriculture fall into three groups
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